Data Interpretation

Study the following line graph and answer the questions, Exports from three Companies over the Years (in ₹ crore)

1. For which of the following pairs of years the total exports from the three Companies together are equal?
   • 1995 and 1998
   • 1996 and 1998
   • 1997 and 1998
   • 1995 and 1996

Answer

Total exports of the three Companies X. Y and Z together, during various years are :

In 993 = ₹ (30 + 80 + 60) crores = ₹ 170 crores.

In 994 = ₹ (60 + 40 + 90) crores =  ₹ 190 crores.

In 995 = ₹ (40 + 60 + 120) crores = ₹ 220 crores.

In 1996 = ₹ (70 + 60 + 90) crores = ₹ 220   crores.

In 1997 = ₹ (100 + 80 + 60) crores = ₹ 240 crores.

In 1998 = ₹ (50 + 100 + 80) crores = ₹ 230 crores.

In 1999 = ₹ (120 + 140 + 100) crores = ₹ 360 crores.

Clearly, the total exports of the three Companies X. Y and Z together are same during the years 1995 and 1996.

So, Option D

2. Average annual exports during the given period for Company Y is approximately what percent of the average annual exports for Company Z?
   • 87.12%
   • 89.64%
   • 91.21%
   • 93.33%

Answer

Analysis of the graph: From the graph it is clear that

1. The amount of exports of Company X (in crore ₹) in the years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 30, 60, 40, 70, 100, 50 and 120 respectively.
2. The amount of exports of Company Y (in crore ₹) in the years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 80, 40, 60, 60, 80, 100 and 140 respectively.
3. The amount of exports of Company Z (in crore ₹) in the years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999 are 90, 120, 90, 60, 80 and 100 respectively.

Average annual exports (in ₹ crore) of Company Y during the given period

=  1/7(80 + 40 + 60 + 60 + 80 + 100 + 140) = 560/7 = 80

Average annual exports (in ₹ crore) of Company Z during the given period

=  1/7(60 + 90 + 120 + 90 + 60 + 80 + 100) = 600/7 = 85.71

Required percentage

= [(80/600)/7 * 100]% = 93.33%

So, Option D

3. In which year was the difference between the exports from Companies X and Y the minimum?
   • 1996
   • 1995
   • 1994
   • 1997

Answer

The difference between the exports from the Companies X and Y during the various years are :

In 1993 = ₹ (80 – 30) crores = ₹ 50 crores.

In 1994 = ₹ (60 – 40) crores = ₹ 20 crores.

In 1995 = ₹ (60 – 40) crores = ₹ 20 crores.

In 1996 = ₹ (70 – 60) crores = ₹ 10 crores.

In 1997 = ₹ (100 – 80) crores = ₹ 20 crores.

In 1998 = ₹ (100 – 50) crores = ₹ 50 crores.

In 1999 = ₹ (140 – 120) crores = ₹ 20 crores.

Clearly, the difference is minimum in the year 1996

So, Option A

4. What was the difference between the average exports of the three Companies in 1993 and the average exports in 1998?
   • ₹ 15.33 crores
   • ₹ 18.67 crores
   • ₹ 20 crores
   • ₹ 22.17 crores

Answer

Average exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z in 1993

= [1/3 * (30 + 80 + 60)]crores = 170/3 crores

Average exports of the three Companies X, Y and Z in 1998

= [1/3 * (50 + 100 + 800] crores = 230/3 crores

Difference = [230/3 – 170/3] crores

= ₹ 60/30 crores = ₹ 20 crores

So, Option C

5. In how many of the given years, were the exports from Company Z more than the average annual exports car the given years?
   • 2
   • 4
   • 3
   • 5

Answer

Average annual exports of Company Z during the given period

= 1/7(60 + 90 + 120 + 90+60 + 80 + 100)

= ₹ 600/7 crores = ₹ 85.71 crores

From the analysis of graph, the exports of Company Z are more than the average annual exports of Company Z (i.e., ₹ 85.71 crores) during the years 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1999.

So, Option B

The following pie-chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a Book. Study the pie-chart and the answer the questions based on it. Various Expenditures (in percentage) Incurred in Publishing a Book

1. If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay ₹ 30,600 as printing cost, then what will be amount of royalty to be paid for these books?
   • ₹ 19.450
   • ₹ 21.200
   • ₹ 21,950
   • ₹ 22,950

Answer

Let the amount of Royalty to be paid for these books be ₹ r

Then. 20 : 15 = 30.600 : r

r = ₹ 30600 *15/20= ₹ 22,950.

So, Option D

2. What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on Royalty?
   • 15°
   • 24°
   • 54°
   • 48°

Answer

Central angle corresponding to Royalty

= 15% of 360°

= 15/100 × 360°= 54°

So, Option C

3. The price of the book is marked 20% above the C.P. If the marked price of the book is ₹ 180, then what is the cost of the paper used in a single copy of the book?
   • ₹ 36
   • ₹ 37.50
   • ₹ 42
   • ₹ 44.25

Answer

Clearly, marked price of the book = 120% of C.P.

Also, cost of paper = 25% of C.P

Let the cost of paper for a single book be ₹ n.

Then. 120 : 25 = 180 : n

n = ₹ (25 * 180/120) = ₹ 37.50

So, Option B

4. If 5500 copies are published and the transportation cost on them amounts to ₹ 82.500 then what should be the selling price of the book so that the publisher can earn a profit of 25%?
   • ₹ 187.50
   • ₹ 191.50
   • ₹ 175.00
   • ₹ 180.00

Answer

For the publisher to earn a profit of 25%. S.P. = 125% of C.P.

Also, Transportation Cost = 10% of C.P.

Let the S.P. of 5500 books be ₹ x.

Then, 10 : 125 = 82500 : x

x = ₹(125 * 82500/10) = ₹ 10,31,250.

S.P. of one book

= ₹ (1031250/5500)= ₹ 187.50

So, Option A

5. Royalty on the book is less than the printing cost by :
   • 5%
   • 33.5%
   • 20%
   • 25%

Answer

Printing Cost of book = 20% of C.P.

Royalty on book = 15% of C.P.

Difference = (20% of C.P.) – (15% of C.P) = 5% of C.P.

Percentage difference

= difference/printing cost * 100%

= 5/20 * 100% = 25%

So, Option D

Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The graph given below represents the number of users of two broadband services A and B across 5 cities P, Q. R, S and T.

1. What is the total number of users of brand B across all give cities together?
   • 2700
   • 3000
   • 3100
   • 2900

Answer

Total users of brand B across five cities = 600 + 500 + 650 + 700 + 550 = 3000

So, Option B

2. The number of users of brand A in city T is what percent of the number of users of brand B in city Q?
   • 150
   • 110
   • 140
   • 160

Answer

Brand A users in city T = 700

Brand B users in city Q = 500

Required % = 700 / 500 × 100 = 140%

So, Option C

3. What is the average number of users of brand A across all five cities together?
   • 560
   • 570
   • 580
   • 590

Answer

Total users of Brand A across five cities = 500 + 550 + 600 + 550 + 700 = 2900 Average = 2900

Average = 2900/5 = 580

So, Option C

4. What is the difference between the total number of users of brand A and B together in city R and the total number or users of brand A and B together in city P?
   • 170
   • 140
   • 130
   • 150

Answer

Brand A and B users in city R = 600 + 650 = 1250

Brand A and B users in city P = 500 + 600 =1100

Required difference = 1250 – 1100 = 150

So, Option D

5. What is the respective ratio of the number users of brand A in city P to the number of users of brand B in city S?
   • 5 : 7
   • 4 : 7
   • 2 : 5
   • 3 : 4

Answer

Brand A users in city P = 500

Brand B users in city S = 700

Ratio = 500/700 = 5/7 = 5 : 7

So, Option A

Refer to the table and answer the given questions.

NA refers the data which is not needed for a particular question. The price details of 5 products are given below and some of them are missing. Take the data of the First row for the first question and the second row for the second question and so on.

1. Rahul purchased a mobile and sold it for a loss (loss % given in the table). From that money, he purchased another article and sold it for a gain of (Profit % given in the table). What is the overall gain or loss?
   • Profit of ₹ 21
   • Profit of ₹ 24
   • Loss of ₹ 21
   • Loss of ₹ 24

Answer

CP = 8400

SP = 8400 × 95/100 = 7980

CP = 7980

SP = 7980 × 105/100 = 8379

Difference = 8379 – 8400 = 21 Loss

So, Option C

2. A, B and C invests ₹ 8.000. 12.000 and 10,000 respectively in a business. At the end of the year the balance sheet shows a loss of initial investment. Find the share of loss of B.
   • 4000
   • 4500
   • 4800
   • 5000

Answer

Total loss after one year = 30000 * 40/100 = 12000

Share of B = 6/15 * 12000= 4800

Note:

Ratio A : B : C

8 : 12 : 10

4 : 6 : 5

So, Option C

3. A Shopkeeper sells two bags for ₹ 500 each. On one, he gets % profit (as per the table) and on the other he gets % loss (as per the table). His profit or loss in the entire transaction was?
   • 64/25 % Gain
   • 49/25 % Gain
   • 64/25 % Loss
   • 49/25 % Loss

Answer

% = x

Loss % = x²/100 = 14²/100

= 196/100 = 49/25%

So, Option D

4. The price of TV was marked up by % (as per the table). It was sold at a discount of 20% on the marked price. What was the profit percent of the cost price?
   • 10%
   • 11%
   • 15%
   • 12%

Answer

40 – 20 + [40 – (–20)/100] = 20 – 8 = 12%

So, Option D

5. Preethi sold a machine to Shalini at a profit of % (as per table). Shalini sold this machine to Arun at a loss of % (as per table). If Preethi paid ₹5000 for this machine, then find the cost price of machine for Arun?
   • 6200
   • 5200
   • 4800
   • 4750

Answer

• R₁ = 30% R₂ = 20%

5000 × 130/100 × 80/100 = ₹ 5200

So, Option D

Railway Distance. Time Taken and Speed of Between New Delhi to Bhubaneswar

Railway Timetable: New Delhi – Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express

1. The longest run for the train between the two successive halts is
   • Mughal Sarai JN – Gaya JN
   • New Delhi – Kanpur Central
   • Kanpur Central – Mughal Sarai JN
   • Balasore – Bhadrak

Answer

With the run is of 440 km, the longest run is between New Delhi – Kanpur Central.

So, Option B

2. The average speed that the train maintained between two successive stations was the highest between
   • Kanpur Central – Mughal Sarai JN
   • Mughal Sarai JN – Gaya JN
   • New Delhi – Kanpur Central
   • Bokaro Steel City – Tatanagar JN

Answer

The average speed of 93.22 km/h is the highest between New Delhi – Kanpur Central.

So, Option C

3. The average speed that the train maintained between New Delhi and Bhubaneswar was nearly equal to
   • 72 km/h
   • 74 km/h
   • 75 km/h
   • 82 km/h

Answer

The average speed that the train maintained between New Delhi and Bhubaneswar = 1800 km/24 hrs. = 75 km/h.

So, Option C

4. If we consider a journey that begins in New Delhi and ends in Bhubaneswar, the train has the longest halt at
   • Kanpur Central
   • Mughal Sarai JN
   • Tata Nagar JN
   • Kharagpur JN

Answer

The train has the longest halt of 15 minutes at Kharagpur JN.

So, Option D

5. The train begins its return journey from Bhubaneswar to New Delhi Seventeen hours after it has arrived at Bhubaneswar. If the train left New Delhi on Tuesday on what day will it journey have returned to New Delhi? (Assume that on the return that train maintains the same average speed as on the onward journey).
   • Thursday
   • Friday
   • Saturday Anchor
   • Sunday Anchor

Answer

Friday

So, Option D

The bar graph given below shows the foreign exchange reserves of a country (in million US $) from 1991 – 1992 to 1998 – 1999.

1. The ratio of the number of years, in which the foreign exchange reserve is above the average reserve to those in which the reserve is below the average reserve is?
   • 2 : 6
   • 3 : 4
   • 3 : 5
   • 4 : 4

Answer

Average foreign exchange reserves over the given period = 3480 million US $.

The country had reserves above 3480 million US $ during the years 1992-93, 1996-97 and 1997-98. i.e., for 3 years and below 3480 million US S during the years 1991-92, 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-56 and 1998-99 i.e., for 5 years. Hence, required ratio = 3:5.

So, Option C

2. The foreign exchange reserve in 1997-98 was how many times that in 1994-95?
   • 0.7
   • 1.2
   • 1.4
   • 1.5

Answer

Required ratio = 5040/3360 = 1.5

So, Option D

3. For which year, the percent increase of foreign exchange reserve over the previous year, is the highest?
   • 1992-93
   • 1993-94
   • 1994-95
   • 1996-97

Answer

There is an increase in foreign exchange reserves during the years 1992-1993, 1994-1995, 1996-1997, 1997-1998 as compared to previous year.

The percentage increase in reserve during these years compared to previous year are :

For 1992-1993 = [(3720-2640)/2640 * 100] = 40.91%

For 1997-1995 = [(3360-2520)/2520 * 100]   = 33.33%

For 1996-1997 = [(4320-3120)/3120 * 100] = 38.46%

For 1997-1998 = [(5040-4320)/4320 * 100] = 16.67%

Clearly, the percentage increase over previous year is highest for 1992-1993.

So, Option A

4. The foreign exchange reserve in 1996-97 were approximately what percent of the average foreign exchange reserve over the period under review?
   • 95%
   • 110%
   • 115%
   • 125%

Answer

Average foreign exchange reserves over the given period

= [1/8 * (2640 + 3720 + 2520 + 3360 + 3120 + 4320 + 5040 + 3120)] million US $

= 3480 million US $.

Foreign exchange reserves in 1996-1997 = 4320 million US $.

= Required percentage = (4320/3480 * 100)%

= 124.14% 125%.

So, Option D

5. What was the percentage increase in the foreign exchange reserve in 1997-98 over 1993-94
   • 100
   • 150
   • 200
   • 620

Answer

Foreign exchange reserves in 1997-1998 = 5040 million US $.

Foreign exchange reserves in 1993-1994 = 2520 million US $.

= Increase = (5040 – 2520) = 2520 US S.

( 2520

= Percentage Increase = (2520/2520 * 100)% = 100%

So, Option A

Study the bar graph and line graph carefully to answer the questions given below: The bar graph shows the number of males and females (in thousand) in town X during the given years.

The line graph shows the number of males and females (in thousand) in town Y during the given years.

1. What is the ratio of the average number of males in town X to the average of males in town Y for the given period?
   • 269 : 282
   • 265 : 281
   • 265 : 283
   • 265 : 282

Answer

Required Ratio

= ((50 + 52 + 55 + 53 + 55)/5)*1000 : ((53 + 54 + 55 + 58 + 62)/5)*100

= 265 : 282

So, Option D

2. In which of the following years, is the percentage increase or decrease in the number of females for town Y the minimum?
   • 2015
   • 2014
   • 2012
   • 2013

Answer

The percentage increase or decrease in the number of females for town Y are as under;

2012 = ((52-50)/50)*100 = 1%

2013 = ((54-52)/52)*100 = 3.85%

2014 = ((56-54)/54)*100= 3.70%

2015 = ((55-56)/56)*100= 1.78%

Hence, minimum is in 2015.

So, Option A

3. The population of town X in 2011 and 2012 together is approximately what percent of the population of town Y in 2014 and 2015 together?
   • 86.6%
   • 81.6%
   • 89.6%
   • 84.5%

Answer

= ((50+49) + (52 + 49))/((58 + 56) +(62 + 55))*100

= 200/231 * 100 = 86.6%

So, Option A

4. Find the number of years in which the number of females in town X and Y are less than their respective average numbers.
   • One, Two
   • Two, Two
   • None
   • Three, Two

Answer

Total number of females for town X (49 + 49 + 52 + 53 + 52) = 255/5 = 51

Total number of females for town Y (50 + 51 + 55 + 56 + 55) = 267/5 = 53.4

Average number of females for town X = 51

Average number of females for town Y = 53.4

So, 2011 and 2012 are two desired years for town X. Also, 2011 and 2012 are two desired years for town Y.

So, Option D

5. In which of the following pairs of years is the difference in the number of males and females the maximum for town Y and minimum for town Y and minimum for town X respectively?
   • 2011 and 2014
   • 2015 and 2011
   • 2015 and 2014
   • 2013 and 2015

Answer

Difference between the population of males and females :

Desired pair is 2015 and 2014.

So, Option C

A cosmetic company provides five different products. The sales of these five products (in lakh number of packs) during 1995 and 2000 are shown in the following bar graph.

Sales (in lakh number of packs) of five different products of Cosmetic Company during 1995 and 2000

1. The sales of lipstick in 2000 was by what percent more than the sales of nail enamels in 2000.
   • 33%
   • 31%
   • 28%
   • 22%

Answer

Required percentage is

= [(48.17 – 37.76)/37.76 * 100]%

= 27.57% = 28%

So, Option C

2. During the period 1995-2000, the minimum rate of increase in sales in the case of?
   • Shampoos
   • Nail enamels
   • Talcum Powder
   • Lipstick

Answer

The percentage increase from 1995 to 2000 for various product is:

Lipsticks = [(48.17 – 20.15)/20.15 * 100]% = 139.06%

Nail Enamels = [(37.76 – 5.93)/5.93 * 100]% = 536.76%

Talcum Powders = [(29.14 – 14.97)/14.97 * 100]% = 97.66%

Shampoos = [(12.21 – 7.88)/7.88 * 100]%  = 54.95% or 55%

Conditioners = [(10.18 – 5.01)/5.01 * 100]% = 103.39%

The minimum rate of increase in sales from 1995 to 2000 is in the case of Shampoos

So, Option A

3. The sales have increased by nearly 55% from 1995 to 2000 in the case of :
   • Lipstick
   • Nail enamels
   • Talcum Powder
   • Shampoos

Answer

The sales have increased by nearly 55% from 1995 to 2000 in the case of shampoos.

So, Option D

4. The sales of conditioners in 1995 was by what percent less than the sales of shampoos in 1995. (Round of nearest)
   • 57%
   • 36%
   • 29%
   • 25%

Answer

Required percentage is

= [(7.88 – 5.01)/7.88 * 100]%

= 36.42% or 36%.

So, Option D

5. What is the approximate ratio of the sales of nail enamels in 2000 to the sales of talcum powder in 1995?
   • 7 : 2
   • 5 : 2
   • 4 : 3
   • 2 : 1

Answer

Required Ratio = 37.76/14.97 = 5/2 = 2.5

So, Option DQuestion Set 9.Question Set 10.

Study the following table to answer the 5 questions that are given below it.

1. The ratio between the total expenditure on taxes for all the years and the total expenditure on Fuel and Transport for all the years respectively is approximately :
   • 4 : 7
   • 10 : 13
   • 15 : 18
   • 5 : 8

Answer

Required Ratio = (83 + 108 + 74 + 88 + 98)/(98 + 112 + 101 + 133 + 142)

= 451/586 =  1/1.3 = 10/13

So, Option B

2. The total expenditure of the Company over these items during the year 2016 is
   • ₹ 544.44 Lakhs
   • ₹ 501.11 Lakhs
   • ₹ 446.46 Lakhs
   • ₹ 487.87 Lakhs

Answer

Total expenditure of the Company during 2016

= ₹ (324 + 101 + 3.84 + 41.6 + 74) Lakhs

= ₹ 544.44 Lakhs

So, Option A

3. What is the average amount of interest per year which the Company had to pay during this period?
   • ₹ 36.66 Lakhs
   • ₹ 32.43 Lakhs
   • ₹ 33.72 Lakhs
   • ₹ 35.69 Lakhs

Answer

Average amount of interest paid by the Company during the given period

= ₹ [(23.4 + 32.5 + 41.6 + 36.4 + 49.4)/5] Lakhs

= ₹ (183.3/5) lakhs = ₹ 36.66 Lakhs.

So, Option A

4. Total expenditure on all these items in 2014 was approximately what percent of the total expenditure in 2018?
   • 62 %
   • 69 %
   • 71 %
   • 73 %

Answer

Required percentage is

= [(288 + 98 + 3.00 + 23.4 + 83)/(420 + 142 + 3.96 + 49.4 + 98) × 100] %

= 495.4/713.36 * 100%  = 69.45%

So, Option D

5. The total amount of bonus paid by the Company during the given period is approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during this period?
   • 0.1 %
   • 1 %
   • 1.11%
   • 1.25 %

Answer

Required percentage is

= [(3.00 + 2.52 + 3.84 + 3.68 + 3.96)/(288 + 342 + 324 + 336 + 420) * 100]%

= 17/1710 * 100% = 1%

So, Option DQuestion Set 10.

1. NIC (National Informatic Centre) Data centers head office established in

• Mumbai
• Bangalore
• Delhi
• Chennai

Answer

NIC has set up state-of-the-art National Data Centers at NIC Headquarter Delhi, Pune and Hyderabad and 3 small data centers at various state capitals to provide services to the Government at all levels.

So, Option C

2. Mapping of Data is :
   • Create of Data by Maps
   • Representation of Data
   • Copy of Data
   • Transfer if Data

Answer

Representation of Data by Maps is Called Mapping.

So, Option D

3. Data Scrubbing is :
   • As a comprehensive approach to data management to ensure quality, integrity, accessibility, and security of the data.
   • Updating of data management strategies to ensure that the data are accurate, relevant, timely, and complete for the purposes they are intended to be used.
   • The process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or duplicated
   • None of These

Answer

Data Scrubbing is also known as Data Cleaning. It is the process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or duplicated.

So, Option C

4. The draft personal data protection Bill 2018 was presented to
   • The Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology
   • The Ministry of the Corporate Affairs
   • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
   • The Ministry of Home Affairs

Answer

The draft personal data protection Bill 2018 was presented to the Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology on 27 July 2018. It is submitted by the Justice B.N. Srikrishna-headed expert panel has proposed that critical personal data of Indian citizens be processed in centers located within the country.

So, Option A

5. NASSCOM refers to :

• The National Association of Service & Software Companies
• The National Association of Sendee & Software Corporation
• The National Association of Software & Service Companies
• The National Association of Software & Sendee Corporation

 Answer

The National Association of Service & Software Companies (“NASSCOM”) is India’s national informal – technology trade group and has been the driving force behind many private sector efforts to improve data security.

So, Option A